THE FIRST EXECUTION BY SHOOTING TOOK PLACE ON THE GROUNDS OF THE AUSCHWITZ CONCENTRATION CAMP.

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  On 22 November 1940, the first execution by shooting took place on the grounds of the Auschwitz concentration camp. 40 Polish political activists, held in the prison in Katowice, were murdered.

The execution was ordered on 18 November 1940 by the police commander in Breslau, Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, in retaliation for the activities of the Polish resistance movement in Silesia. The Reichsführer-SS SS, Heinrich Himmler, personally chose those who were to be shot from four lists given to him by the German police in Katowice. The chosen were brought to Auschwitz on 22 November at 11.45 a.m. 

They were shot by SS men from the guard company under the command of camp manager Karl Fritzsch. The execution started at noon and lasted 20 minutes. The youngest victim was 21 years old and the oldest was 63.

SS-Hauptsturmführer Karl Fritzsch (the deputy camp commandant at the Auschwitz-Birkenau and Flossenbürg concentration camps) was known for his particular brutality. Indeed, it was thanks to him that Zyklon B was used for the first time (on 3 September 1941) to exterminate the inmates of the Auschwitz German death camp en masse. This method soon became the most widely used in the mass murder of inmates.

Further, Fritzsch initiated particularly brutal punishments, even for trivial offences. When a transport of the first prisoners from the Tarnów prison arrived to the newly opened German Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz (June 1940), in addressing the arrivals, Fritz stated “You came here not to a sanatorium, but to a German concentration camp, from which there is no other way out but through the chimney. 

If someone doesn't like it, they can go straight to the wires. If there are Jews in the transport, they have the right to live no longer than two weeks, priests a month, the rest three months”. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Auschwitz prisoners were terrified of Karl Fritzsch.    

Photo: Senior SS and police officers with the governor of the Kraków district, SS-Gruppenführer Otto Wächter, awaiting the execution of Polish civilians; IPN Collections

Source: The Report on the Losses Sustained by Poland as a result of German Aggression and Occupation during The Second World War 1939-1945, vol. II: Chapter 3, Terror of Occupation, ed. K. Wnęk, Warsaw 2022, p. 141.

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